Commonly Used Terms

Address - (email address, Internet address, and web address) - The code (series of letters, numbers and/or symbols) by which the Internet identifies you or the location where information is stored.

 

Application - program or software; what tells the computer to do what you want it to do. Examples include Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Internet Explorer, HTML editors, Shockwave, Quick Time, and ActiveX.

 

Bandwidth - The frequencies a transmission line or channel can carry: the higher the frequency, the higher the bandwidth and the more information carrying capacity of a channel. Bandwidth is also used to measure the amount of time it takes for a Web page to fully load.

 

Baud rate - A measurement of data transmission speed. It is sometimes referred to as bps (bits per second). If your modem has a baud rate of 14.4 KBS, it transmits data at 14,400 bits per second.

 

Bitmap - a bitmap is a map of dots or "pixels". Pictures you see on a Web page are bitmaps. Bitmaps come in many file formats such as GIF, JPEG, TIFF, BMP, PICT, PCX, and DIB.

 

Bookmark - method of "saving" a web site location. "Bookmarking" a web site allows you to easily return to that page at a later time with a simple click of the mouse rather than remembering and typing in long and sometimes cryptic URL's. Bookmarks enable you to quickly find areas of the web you have visited and want to return to. Many web sites have a "links" section/page which is a collection of bookmarks.

 

Broken link - A link or hyperlink or hotlink which no longer works when "clicked on" or which does not take you to the destination it was supposed to. This can occur for several reasons, the server hosting the web site is temporarily unavailable (for upgrading or technical problems), or the web site has moved and is no longer on the server. Also occurs if the HTML code for the hyperlink is incorrect.

 

Browser - A program that allows users to access documents on the World Wide Web (WWW). Browsers can be either text or graphic. They read HTML coded pages that reside on a server and interpret the coding into what we see as web pages. Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator are the best known examples of web browsers

 

Bug - A programming error that causes a program or computer system to perform erratically, produce incorrect results, and/or crash

 

Cache - (sounds like 'cash') a location in the memory of your computer where data is stored for easy retrievel, allowing quicker access to data. When you return to a previous visited site your browser doesn't have to download the information all over again, instead it can grab it from the cache. This is why sometimes you should refresh the page if you want to view the most current information.

 

Cookies - Files stored on your hard drive that contain information about sites you have visited, newsgroups you have read, or passwords to subscription areas of sites. Generally harmless, usually expire on a set date. You can not visit some sites unless you accept their cookies.

 

Compressed - Large data files or programs available for download from the Internet are frequently compacted to decrease download time. File extension for compressed files is usually zip. Dial-up connection - The most common form of Internet connection from home, this is the connection from your computer to the host computer over standard telephone lines.

 

CGI - (Common Gateway Interface) A set of rules that describe how a Web Server communicates with another piece of software on the same machine, and how to the other piece of software (the CGI program) talks to the web server. Any piece of software can be a CGI program if it handles input and output according to the CGI standard.

 

CGI-BIN - The most common name of a directory on a web server in which CGI programs are stored.

 

Document Source- The source code (HTML, Javascript etc.) of the Web page

 

Domain name - The "address" or URL of a particular Web site. Also the name at the right of the @ sign in an Internet address

 

Download - To transfer files from one computer to another. 'Saves' the file or program to your computer

 

DPI (dots per inch)- measurement of printer and screen resolution

 

E-mail address - is similar to username@hostname.com. The username is the userID, account, or nickname of a specific person or machine designated to receive the e-mail. The hostname is either the name of the Internet Service Provider (ISP) the account is setup with, or the name of the computer which receives the e-mail messages. An e-mail address would be spoken as username at hostname dot com.

 

F.A.Q. - Frequently Asked Questions - answers to commonly asked questions gathered into one location

 

Freeware - Software that is available for download free

 

FTP - File Transfer Protocol - Allows the transfer of files between two computers connected to the Internet. A frequent method of uploading files for Web pages, usually requires an account and a password. Anonymous FTP allows transfer of files without an account or password

 

Gateway - The computer software and hardware allowing networks of computers to connect

 

GIF - Graphics Interchange Format - the most common format for images found on Web pages.

 

Home Page - The main or introductory page of a Web Site. Personal Web pages are frequently called homes pages as well. The document that is accessed first on the World Wide Web server

 

Host - A computer that is connected directly to the Internet. Your service provider's computer is a host.

 

HTML - HyperText Markup Language - The primary language used to develop Web pages

 

HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol - Allows communications between a server and a client computer. Web addresses usually begin with http://

 

Hyperlink - Also called hotlink, hypertext, or link. Highlighted words in a text that can be clicked on to go to another page or site.

 

Hypertext - Also called hotlink, hyperlink, or link. Highlighted words in a text that can be clicked on to go to another page or site.

 

ISP - Internet Service Provider - Agent for most peoples access to the Internet. Can be either a Dial-up or Direct connection.

 

IP Address - Internet Protocol Address - The name for the unique identifying number every computer on the Internet has.

 

Internet - Basically a bunch of computers linked together through a network so computer users in different locations can have access to the same information. Worldwide network of computers.

 

Java - Java is a network-friendly programming language invented by Sun Microsystems. Java is often used to build large, complex systems that involve several different computers interacting across networks, for example transaction processing systems. Java is also becoming popular for creating programs that run in small electronic devices, such as mobile telephones. A very common use of Java is to create programs that can be safely downloaded to your computer through the Internet and immediately run without fear of viruses or other harm to your computer or files. Using small Java programs (called "Applets"), Web pages can include functions such as animations, calculators, and other fancy tricks.

 

JavaScript - JavaScript is a programming language that is mostly used in web pages, usually to add features that make the web pages more interactive. When JavaScript is included in an HTML file it relies upon the browser to interpret the JavaScript. When JavaScript is combined with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), and later versions of HTML (4.0 and later) the result is often called DHTML.

 

Kilobyte - A thousand bytes. Actually, usually 1024 (210) bytes.

 

LAN - (Local Area Network) A computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or floor of a building.

 

Leased Line - Refers to line such as a telephone line or fiber-optic cable that is rented for exclusive 24-hour, 7-days-a-week use from your location to another location. The highest speed data connections require a leased line.

 

PPP - (Point to Point Protocol) The most common protocol used to connect home computers to the Internet over regular phone lines. Most well known as a protocol that allows a computer to use a regular telephone line and a modem to make TCP/IP connections and thus be really and truly on the Internet.

 

Server - A computer, or a software package, that provides a specific kind of service to client software running on other computers. The term can refer to a particular piece of software such as a WWW server, or to the machine on which the software is running, e.g. "Our mail server is down today, that's why e-mail isn't getting out." A single server machine can (and often does) have several different server software packages running on it, thus providing many different servers to clients on the network.

 

SMTP - (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) The main protocol used to send electronic mail from server to server on the Internet. SMTP is defined in RFC 821 and modified by many later RFC's.

 

TCP/IP - (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) This is the suite of protocols that defines the Internet. Originally designed for the UNIX operating system, TCP/IP software is now included with every major kind of computer operating system. To be truly on the Internet, your computer must have TCP/IP software.

 

URL - (Uniform Resource Locator or web address) - usually starts with http://www followed by a "dot" and then a domain name and a path.

 

Username -  The name you use to log on to a network. Also referred to as user id (user I.D.)

 

WAN - (Wide Area Network) Any Internet or network that covers an area larger than a single building or campus.

 

Web Address - (URL or Uniform Resources Locator) - usually starts with http://www followed by a "dot" and then a domain name and a path.

 

World Wide Web - A hypertext system that allows users to jump from one place to another, rapidly becoming one of the most popular services on the Internet.

 

XML - (eXtensible Markup Language) A widely used system for defining data formats. XML provides a very rich system to define complex documents and data structures such as invoices, molecular data, new feeds, glossaries, inventory descriptions, real estate properties, etc. As long as a programmer has the XML definition for a collection of data (often called a "schema") then they can create a program to reliably process any data formatted according to those rules.

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